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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Sulfate Separation by Selective Crystallization with a Bis-iminoguanidinium Ligand
Published on: September 8, 2016
Sulfide removal in petroleum refinery wastewater by chemical precipitation
Levent Altaş1, Hanife Büyükgüngör
1Aksaray University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Aksaray, Turkey. lvnt_53@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Sulfide removal by chemical precipitation from petroleum refinery wastewater was investigated. The wastewater samples were taken from the flocculation pond influent of TUPRAS Kirikkale Middle Anatolia Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and physicochemical treatments using conventional coagulants which were partial precipitant [FeCl(3) . 6H(2)O and FeSO(4) . 7H(2)O] and coagulant-aids [Ca(OH)(2) and CaCO(3)] were applied to both raw and sulfide added wastewater. Sulfide and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies of Fe(3+) ions alone for sulfide added wastewaters having different pH values varied between 62-95 and 45-75%, respectively. In addition, removal efficiencies of sulfide (96-99%) and COD (50-80%) were obtained by using Fe(2+) ions together with Ca(OH)(2) as precipitant-aid under the same conditions. In experiments performed with raw wastewater which had different pH values, COD removal efficiencies of Fe(3+) and Fe(2+) ions together with Ca(OH)(2), were 50-80 and 32-50%, respectively.
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The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is: