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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...
Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane01:11

Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane

Chloroplast outer membrane proteins encoded by the nucleus are synthesized in the cytosol. Soon after synthesis, they bind cytosolic factors such as 14-3-3 protein and the Hsp70 chaperones that keep these precursors in an unfolded state until their translocation.
Two models describe the mechanism of precursor recognition and entry across the outer membrane through the TOC complex. Model 1 suggests the newly synthesized precursor binds to the TOC receptor 159 and forms a complex.
Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane01:18

Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane

Proteins targeted to the inner chloroplast membrane, or plastid proteins, are transported by two general pathways: the stop-transfer and the re-insertion or post-import pathways. Most plastid proteins carry N-terminal transit sequences and internal import sequences targeting it to the specific chloroplast subcompartment. Proteins targeted by the stop-transfer pathway have internal hydrophobic sequences that inhibit their translocation into the stroma. As a result, these precursors are arrested...
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
Anatomy of Chloroplasts01:07

Anatomy of Chloroplasts

Green algae and plants, including green stems and unripe fruit, harbor chloroplasts—the vital organelles where photosynthesis takes place. In plants, the highest density of chloroplasts is found in the mesophyll cells of leaves.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Metabolic Labeling and Membrane Fractionation for Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Suspension Cell Cultures
11:44

Metabolic Labeling and Membrane Fractionation for Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Suspension Cell Cultures

Published on: September 28, 2013

Plant organelle proteomics.

Kathryn S Lilley1, Paul Dupree

  • 1Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom. k.s.lilley@bioc.cam.ac.uk

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|October 5, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Accurately identifying protein localization in plant organelles is crucial for understanding cell functions. This study reviews quantitative proteomic methods that provide definitive organelle assignments, overcoming isolation challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Plant cell biology
  • Proteomics
  • Organelle biology

Background:

  • Understanding subcellular protein localization is essential for elucidating organelle functions and plant metabolic pathways.
  • Accurate identification of genuine organelle proteins is challenging, especially when pure organelle preparations are unattainable.
  • Limitations in organelle isolation and analysis of low-abundance proteins hinder high-throughput proteomic studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss quantitative proteomic methods for studying plant organelle proteomes.
  • To highlight methods that provide unequivocal assignments of proteins to specific organelles.
  • To address the challenges in accurate protein localization for organelle research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of quantitative proteomic techniques.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Chloroplast Sub-compartments from Arabidopsis for the Analysis of Protein Localization by Immunoblotting or Proteomics
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Preparation of Chloroplast Sub-compartments from Arabidopsis for the Analysis of Protein Localization by Immunoblotting or Proteomics

Published on: October 19, 2018

mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts
12:29

mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts

Published on: July 28, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Metabolic Labeling and Membrane Fractionation for Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Suspension Cell Cultures
11:44

Metabolic Labeling and Membrane Fractionation for Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Suspension Cell Cultures

Published on: September 28, 2013

Preparation of Chloroplast Sub-compartments from Arabidopsis for the Analysis of Protein Localization by Immunoblotting or Proteomics
10:28

Preparation of Chloroplast Sub-compartments from Arabidopsis for the Analysis of Protein Localization by Immunoblotting or Proteomics

Published on: October 19, 2018

mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts
12:29

mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts

Published on: July 28, 2017

  • Focus on methods enabling definitive organelle protein identification.
  • Discussion of strategies to overcome practical limitations in organelle isolation and low-abundance protein analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Examples of quantitative proteomic methods are presented.
    • The utility of these methods in assigning proteins to plant organelles is discussed.
    • Approaches for achieving unequivocal organelle assignments are highlighted.

    Conclusions:

    • Quantitative proteomics offers powerful tools for plant organelle research.
    • Specific methods can overcome challenges in organelle isolation and protein identification.
    • Definitive protein localization data is key to advancing our understanding of plant cell biology.