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Updated: Jul 11, 2026
02:42
Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography
Published on: January 17, 2025
Macro- and microanatomic factors involved in the flat bones morphogenesis from the craniofacial system
Mihaela Iustina Meşină-Botoran1, C Meşină, G S Drăgoi
1Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania. mesina.cristian@doctor.com
Summary
Cranial and facial development is a lengthy process beginning in embryogenesis and continuing into adulthood. Key factors influencing flat bone osteogenesis include vascular, muscle, mesenchymal, and neuronal elements.
Area of Science:
- Embryology
- Developmental Biology
- Osteology
Background:
- The development of the human skull and face is a complex process.
- Understanding the early stages of craniofacial morphogenesis is crucial for identifying developmental abnormalities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the morphogenesis of cranial arch bones and the facial complex in human fetuses.
- To identify the determining factors of flat bone osteogenesis during early development.
Main Methods:
- Examination of eight fetal crania (vertex-coccis distance 25-29 cm) and one human embryo (embryocephalic extremity 18 cm).
- Cranial examination in lateral, vertical, frontal, occipital, and basal views.
- Microscopic examination of HE-stained sagittal sections of the embryo.
Main Results:
- Cranial arch bone and facial complex morphogenesis is a prolonged process starting in early embryogenesis and completing in adulthood.
- Identified key factors influencing flat bone osteogenesis: vascular, muscle, extracell (mesenchyme), and neuronal (rhombencephalon) factors.
Conclusions:
- Craniofacial development is a continuous process from embryogenesis to adulthood.
- Vascular, muscular, mesenchymal, and neuronal influences are critical for osteogenesis in developing cranial bones.
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