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Pilot performance, strategy, and workload while executing approaches at steep angles and with lower landing minima.
Deborah A Boehm-Davis1, John G Casali, Brian M Kleiner
1Psychology Department, George Mason University, MSN 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, USA. dbdavis@gmu.edu
Human Factors
|October 6, 2007
Summary
General aviation pilots can perform steep approaches in low visibility, with 5-degree angles being manageable. Steeper 6- and 7-degree approaches are possible but increase pilot workload, potentially useful for emergencies.
Area of Science:
- Aviation safety and human factors research.
- Pilot performance in simulated low-visibility conditions.
Background:
- The proposed Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) requires aircraft to execute steep approaches in adverse weather.
- Nontowered airports are key to SATS network expansion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess general aviation pilots' willingness and ability to conduct steep approaches in low visibility.
- To evaluate pilot workload and flight parameters during simulated steep approaches.
Main Methods:
- 17 Instrument Flight Rules-rated pilots flew a Cessna 172R simulator.
- Simulated approaches used ceilings of 200 or 400 feet with angles of 3, 5, 6, or 7 degrees.
- Subjective workload and objective flight data were recorded.
Main Results:
- 5-degree approaches resulted in safe landings with moderate workload.
- 6- and 7-degree approaches also yielded safe landings but with high workload.
- Pilots adjusted power and glide path to manage descent and landing.
Conclusions:
- While 5-degree steep approaches are practical, 6- and 7-degree angles may be feasible for emergency situations.
- Further research with diverse aircraft and conditions is necessary before SATS implementation.
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