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Related Concept Videos

Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
Preparedness and Phobias01:09

Preparedness and Phobias

Human fear responses to certain stimuli, such as darkness, heights, deep water, and blood, can often arise despite the absence of direct negative experiences. This phenomenon is rooted in evolutionary psychology, which posits that humans have developed a predisposition to fear stimuli that historically posed significant survival threats. This predisposition, known as preparedness, suggests that early humans who developed a fear of potentially dangerous entities, such as venomous snakes and...
Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety
04:20

Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety

Published on: November 11, 2022

Emptiness in agoraphobia patients.

Barbara Milrod1

  • 1Weill Cornell College of Medicine, USA. bmilrod@mail.med.cornell.edu

Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
|October 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Psychodynamic treatment for panic disorder and agoraphobia shows promise. Beyond symptom relief, addressing structural deficits in self-representation is crucial for long-term recovery from agoraphobia.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychoanalysis

Background:

  • New research highlights psychodynamic treatment efficacy for panic disorder and agoraphobia.
  • Psychoanalytic literature emphasizes oedipal contributions to agoraphobia's genesis and treatment.
  • Structural deficits in self-representation are increasingly recognized as a key treatment focus post-symptomatic remission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore psychoanalytic perspectives on treating agoraphobia, focusing on structural deficits.
  • To address the under-discussed aspect of self-representation deficits in agoraphobia treatment within psychiatric literature.
  • To examine the role of "emptiness" in agoraphobia's chronicity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of psychoanalytic literature on agoraphobia.
  • Clinical case study analysis.

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Hyponeophagia: A Measure of Anxiety in the Mouse
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Published on: November 11, 2022

Hyponeophagia: A Measure of Anxiety in the Mouse
05:52

Hyponeophagia: A Measure of Anxiety in the Mouse

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  • Exploration of structural deficits in self-representation.

    • Main Results:

    • While oedipal factors are central, structural deficits in self-representation become a primary treatment focus after symptom remission.
    • The "emptiness" associated with self-representation deficits is more challenging to treat than overt agoraphobia symptoms.
    • These deficits may contribute to the disorder's chronicity.

    Conclusions:

    • Psychoanalytic treatment for agoraphobia requires addressing both oedipal issues and structural deficits in self-representation.
    • Understanding and treating "emptiness" is vital for overcoming agoraphobia chronicity.
    • Clinical cases illustrate the significance of self-representation in agoraphobia treatment.