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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Published on: April 22, 2022

[Pharmacognosical study during 40 years].

Yukihiro Shoyama¹

¹Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. shoyama@niu.ac.jp

Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

|October 6, 2007

Summary

This study developed advanced methods for quality control of medicinal plants using monoclonal antibodies and ELISA. These techniques enable precise identification and quantification of bioactive compounds, ensuring drug efficacy and safety.

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Field Identification of Matricaria chamomilla using a Portable qPCR System

Field Identification of Matricaria chamomilla using a Portable qPCR System

Published on: October 10, 2020

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Published on: April 22, 2022

Field Identification of Matricaria chamomilla using a Portable qPCR System

Field Identification of Matricaria chamomilla using a Portable qPCR System

Published on: October 10, 2020

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Pharmacology
Analytical Chemistry

Context:

Medicinal plants require stringent quality control for therapeutic efficacy.
Traditional methods for analyzing bioactive compounds are often time-consuming and lack sensitivity.
Micropropagation and advanced immunological techniques offer novel solutions for quality assessment.

Purpose:

To develop and apply sensitive analytical methods for quality control of medicinal plants.
To create monoclonal antibodies against key bioactive compounds.
To establish ELISA and eastern blotting for rapid and accurate determination of plant-derived compounds.

Summary:

Clonal micropropagation was used for medicinal plants like Aconitum charmicaelii and Panax species.
Monoclonal antibodies were generated against bioactive compounds, enabling ELISA and eastern blotting.
Immunoaffinity columns, gene cloning for solamargine enhancement, and isolation of biosynthetic enzymes for cannabis compounds were explored.
New pharmacological activities of saffron and Anoectochilus formosanus were investigated.

Impact:

The developed methods provide high sensitivity and speed for medicinal plant quality control.
Immunoaffinity purification and genetic modification offer new avenues for producing high-purity compounds.
This research enhances the reliability and safety of herbal medicines and uncovers new therapeutic potentials.