Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy
Published on: September 8, 2023
Zhang Chao1, Zhou Yue, Chu Tong-wei
1Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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This study compared two surgical techniques for treating lumbar disk herniation: microendoscopic discectomy and open discectomy. Researchers measured inflammatory markers like interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and creatine kinase in patients before and after surgery. They also recorded operating time, blood loss, hospital stay, and pain levels. The results showed that microendoscopic discectomy caused less tissue trauma, with lower levels of inflammatory markers and less postoperative pain. Both groups had similar long-term outcomes at six months. The study suggests that microendoscopic discectomy may be a less traumatic option for patients, with benefits including shorter surgery time, reduced blood loss, and faster recovery.
Area of Science:
Background:
Inflammation and tissue damage after spinal surgery are linked to recovery time and patient discomfort. Traditional open discectomy is known to cause significant soft tissue trauma. Researchers have long sought less invasive alternatives to reduce postoperative complications. Microendoscopic discectomy (MED) is one such option, but its inflammatory impact remains unclear. Prior studies have shown that open procedures elevate markers like interleukin-6 and creatine kinase. However, no prior work had resolved whether MED leads to a similar or reduced inflammatory response. This gap motivated a direct comparison of inflammatory markers between MED and open discectomy. Understanding these differences could guide clinical choices for less traumatic interventions. No prior work had resolved the comparative inflammatory profiles of these two surgical approaches. This uncertainty drove the need for a controlled study with measurable inflammatory outcomes.
Purpose Of The Study:
The study aimed to compare inflammatory responses between microendoscopic discectomy and open discectomy for lumbar disk herniation. Researchers focused on serum levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and creatine kinase as key indicators of tissue trauma. The motivation stemmed from the need to evaluate whether MED reduces soft tissue damage compared to open techniques. By measuring these biomarkers, the team sought to determine if MED is less traumatic. The study also aimed to assess clinical outcomes, including pain and recovery time. Researchers wanted to ensure that any benefits of MED did not come at the cost of worse long-term results. The visual analog scale and Oswestry disability index were selected to measure pain and functional recovery. This approach allowed a direct comparison of both short-term and long-term effects between the two surgical methods.
The study found that microendoscopic discectomy caused less tissue trauma, as shown by lower levels of interleukin-6, creatine kinase, and C-reactive protein.
The researchers measured interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and creatine kinase in blood samples taken before and after surgery.
These time points were chosen to capture the peak inflammatory response following both types of discectomy.
Pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale, which measures pain intensity on a continuous scale.
Main Methods:
The study included 44 patients with single-level lumbar disk herniation. Participants were randomly assigned to either microendoscopic discectomy or open discectomy. Blood samples were collected before surgery and at 24 and 48 hours after the procedure. Researchers measured serum levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and creatine kinase. They also recorded operating time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay. Pain levels were assessed using the visual analog scale. Functional outcomes were evaluated with the Oswestry disability index. Statistical analysis used analysis of variance and Student's t test to compare results between groups. This method allowed for a detailed comparison of inflammatory and clinical outcomes between the two surgical approaches.
Main Results:
Patients who underwent microendoscopic discectomy had significantly less intraoperative blood loss than those in the open discectomy group. The operating time was also shorter in the microendoscopic group. Postoperative hospital stay was reduced for patients receiving microendoscopic discectomy. Pain scores measured by the visual analog scale were lower in the microendoscopic group. Serum levels of interleukin-6 peaked at 24 hours and were lower in the microendoscopic group. Creatine kinase levels also peaked at 24 hours and were significantly lower in the microendoscopic group. C-reactive protein levels in the microendoscopic group peaked at 24 hours, while in the open group they peaked at 48 hours. At six months, both groups showed similar clinical outcomes based on the Oswestry disability index. These findings suggest that microendoscopic discectomy causes less tissue trauma than open discectomy.
Conclusions:
The study found that microendoscopic discectomy leads to a smaller inflammatory response than open discectomy. Lower levels of interleukin-6, creatine kinase, and C-reactive protein in the microendoscopic group support this conclusion. The shorter operating time and reduced blood loss further suggest less tissue trauma. Postoperative hospital stay was also shorter in the microendoscopic group. Pain scores were consistently lower in this group as well. Clinical outcomes at six months were similar between the two groups. These results suggest that microendoscopic discectomy may be a less traumatic option for patients. The authors propose that this technique could be preferred when minimizing inflammation and recovery time is a priority.
Clinical outcomes were assessed at six months post-surgery using the Oswestry disability index.
The authors propose that microendoscopic discectomy may be less traumatic, with reduced inflammation and shorter recovery times.