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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
Published on: February 8, 2022
Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography for follow-up of Waterston shunt
Christian Lilje1, Trong-Phi Lê, Jochen Weil
1Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany. lilje@uke.uni-hamburg.de
Abstract:
A 37-year-old man presented with Eisenmenger's reaction. He had progressive cyanosis and signs of right-sided heart failure. In early childhood he was palliated with a Waterston shunt for cyanotic congenital heart disease. Two-dimensional echocardiography provided only a rudimentary view of his heart's anatomy and hemodynamics. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) was superior in visualizing both the size and the shape of the large shunt. RT3DE easily identifies and quantifies a key pathogenic factor for pulmonary hypertension with irreversible vascular damage in such patients. If applied early, RT3DE may prove to be a valuable follow-up tool.
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