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Changes in white matter microstructure during adolescence.

A Giorgio1, K E Watkins, G Douaud

  • 1Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Neuroimage
|October 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Brain white matter (WM) shows significant microstructural development throughout adolescence and into adulthood, with changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) correlating with grey matter (GM) density shifts.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Postmortem studies indicate human brain white matter (WM) myelination extends through adolescence and adulthood.
  • In vivo imaging is crucial for understanding dynamic brain development during these life stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related microstructural changes in white matter (WM) and grey matter (GM) in adolescents and young adults using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • To explore the relationship between WM microstructural development and cortical GM changes.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) were used to analyze WM in 42 adolescents and 20 young adults.
  • Probabilistic tractography identified specific WM tracts, including callosal, corticospinal, and prefrontal pathways.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyzed T1-weighted images for age-related GM density changes.

    • Main Results:

    • Adolescents showed widespread age-related increases in white matter fractional anisotropy (FA), particularly in the corpus callosum and superior corona radiata, driven by altered diffusivity.
    • A decrease in grey matter (GM) density in the right middle frontal and precentral gyri was observed in adolescents, correlating significantly with WM FA increases.
    • While less pronounced, young adults exhibited age-related FA increases in the superior longitudinal fascicle, suggesting continued development.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant microstructural changes in human brain white matter continue through adolescence and into early adulthood.
    • These WM developments are associated with corresponding age-related alterations in cortical grey matter regions.