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Extraction: Advanced Methods

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Automated 90Sr Separation and Preconcentration in a Lab-on-Valve System at Ppq Level

Automated ⁹⁰Sr Separation and Preconcentration in a Lab-on-Valve System at Ppq Level

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Running loop in unusual molar extraction treatment.

Jongmoon Chae¹, Sangcheol Kim

¹Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Wonkwang, Iskan, South Korea. jongmoon@wonkwang.ac.kr

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics

|October 9, 2007

Summary

Running loop archwires offer an alternative for mandibular second premolar extraction, simplifying space closure in complex orthodontic cases. This technique effectively manages unusual molar situations and aids in initial leveling.

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Area of Science:

Orthodontics
Biomaterials Science

Background:

Traditional Tweed technique uses cherry or shoehorn loops for space closure.
Running loop archwires present an alternative for specific clinical scenarios.

Observation:

Running loops are suitable for unusual molar extraction patterns, missing molars, or compromised molars.
Archwire fabrication involves 0.018 x 0.025-in stainless steel with a helical loop mesial to the buccal tube.

Findings:

Effective tipback of 20-30 degrees is used to upright molars, with toe-in to prevent rotation.
Space closure is achieved by manipulating the helical loop's position as the extraction space diminishes.

Implications:

This technique simplifies space closure in mandibular second premolar extraction cases.
Running loop archwires offer a versatile solution for complex orthodontic treatment planning.