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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Immunosuppressive agents in multiple sclerosis.

Oliver Neuhaus¹, Bernd C Kieseier, Hans-Peter Hartung

¹Department of Neurology, Kliniken Landkreis Sigmaringen GmbH, D-72488 Sigmaringen, Germany.

Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental Neurotherapeutics

|October 9, 2007

Summary

Immunosuppressive agents are experiencing a resurgence in treating multiple sclerosis (MS). This review examines key studies, side effects, and mechanisms of action for major immunosuppressants in MS therapy.

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Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Pharmacology

Background:

Immunosuppressive agents have a long history in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment.
Their use declined with the advent of MS-specific immunomodulatory drugs.
Recent approvals and ongoing trials signal a renewed interest in immunosuppressants for MS.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the clinical significance of immunosuppressive agents in multiple sclerosis.
To discuss the mechanisms of action and side effects of major immunosuppressants.
To highlight the current 'renaissance' of immunosuppressive therapy in MS.

Main Methods:

Review of key clinical studies on immunosuppressants for MS.
Discussion of established and emerging immunosuppressive drugs (mitoxantrone, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, cladribine, sirolimus/temsirolimus).
Analysis of reported side effects and proposed mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

Mitoxantrone is approved for active relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS.
Several oral immunosuppressants are in late-stage clinical trials.
A comprehensive overview of efficacy, safety, and mechanisms is presented.

Conclusions:

Immunosuppressants are regaining importance in the MS therapeutic landscape.
Understanding their mechanisms and side effects is crucial for optimal patient management.
This review provides a current perspective on these vital MS treatments.