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Related Concept Videos

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
04:33

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: April 26, 2024

Decrease in myocardial 123I-MIBG radioactivity in REM sleep behavior disorder: two patients with different clinical

Takuya Oguri1, Naoko Tachibana, Shigehisa Mitake

  • 1Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. toguri@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Sleep Medicine
|October 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) patients show decreased heart (123)I-MIBG uptake, indicating Lewy body pathology. Diverse clinical progressions are observed in RBD, even with uniform cardiac sympathetic denervation.

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Noninvasive, High-throughput Determination of Sleep Duration in Rodents
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Nuclear Medicine

Background:

  • Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is linked to cardiac sympathetic denervation.
  • The pathophysiology of myocardial iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) reduction in RBD requires further elucidation.

Observation:

  • Two cases of RBD patients with differing clinical progression were studied using myocardial (123)I-MIBG scintigraphy.
  • One patient had idiopathic RBD for over 20 years; the other developed RBD followed by mild parkinsonism.
  • Both patients exhibited decreased myocardial (123)I-MIBG radioactivity.

Findings:

  • Myocardial (123)I-MIBG radioactivity was reduced in both RBD patients, suggesting cardiac sympathetic denervation.
  • The reduction was observed even before the onset of parkinsonism in one patient.
  • These findings indicate uniform Lewy body pathology despite varied clinical presentations.

Implications:

  • RBD may present with diverse clinical trajectories.
  • (123)I-MIBG scintigraphy can reveal underlying Lewy body pathology in RBD.
  • Understanding RBD pathophysiology is crucial for early diagnosis and management of related neurodegenerative diseases.