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Leontiasis ossea: a paleopathologic case report.

J Mansilla-Lory¹, L M Amezcua-Guerra, A Vargas-Rodríguez

¹Department of Physical Anthropology, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, Mexico.

Journal of Clinical Rheumatology : Practical Reports on Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Diseases

|October 9, 2007

Summary

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This study details a unique skull specimen exhibiting leontiasis ossea (LO), a condition causing bone overgrowth and a lion-like facial appearance. Imaging revealed extensive hyperostosis, suggesting fibrous dysplasia as a likely cause.

Area of Science:

Archeology
Radiology
Pathology

Background:

Leontiasis ossea (LO) is a descriptive term for craniofacial hyperostosis causing a leonine appearance.
Differential diagnoses for LO include renal osteodystrophy, Paget disease, and fibrous dysplasia.

Observation:

A unique skull and mandible specimen with leontiasis ossea (LO) was analyzed.
The specimen displays diffuse, irregular periosteal bone proliferation affecting the neurocranium and facial skeleton.
Grossly nodular appearance of the craniofacial bones.

Findings:

Plain radiography and helical computed tomography (CT) demonstrated generalized hyperostosis.
Maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses were obliterated by the bone overgrowth.
Two prominent bony masses originated from the maxilla, encroaching on the anterior nasal aperture.

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Implications:

This case highlights the imaging and archeological findings of leontiasis ossea.
Fibrous dysplasia is indicated as the most probable diagnosis for this specimen.
Understanding such rare presentations aids in diagnosing craniofacial abnormalities.