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Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
09:00

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing

Published on: August 16, 2024

Learning disorders, dyslexia, and vision.

Craig Wright1

  • 1Understanding Minds, Mermaid Beach, Queensland. craig@understandingminds.com.au

Australian Family Physician
|October 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Visual processing deficits are common in children with learning disorders, but they do not cause these conditions. Visual therapies are not an evidence-based treatment for reading or learning disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Learning and reading disorders are frequently encountered in primary care.
  • Parental and clinical concerns may lead to unproven diagnostic and treatment methods.
  • Some treatments focus on visual processing, suggesting it as a cause and recommending visual training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize evidence on visual deficits in learning disorders.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of visual therapies for these conditions.
  • To inform general practitioners about current scientific consensus.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on visual processing and learning disorders.
  • Analysis of evidence supporting or refuting the causal role of visual deficits.

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Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
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Published on: August 16, 2024

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
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Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

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Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
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Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

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  • Assessment of the scientific evidence for visual therapy efficacy.

    • Main Results:

    • Ocular and visual processing deficits are present in children with learning disorders, particularly reading disorders.
    • Similar deficits are also found in typically developing children.
    • Current scientific consensus does not support a causal link between these deficits and learning disorders.

    Conclusions:

    • Visual processing deficits are not considered causal factors for learning disorders.
    • Visual therapies lack evidence-based support for treating reading or learning disorders.
    • General practitioners should be aware of the lack of efficacy for visual therapies.