Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sound Intensity Level00:53

Sound Intensity Level

Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. The loudness of the environment in which a person is located determines whether they can distinguish between different sound sources.
The human ear can perceive an extensive range of sound intensity, necessitating the use of the logarithmic scale to define a physical quantity—the intensity level. It is a ratio of two intensities and hence a...
Sound Intensity00:58

Sound Intensity

The loudness of a sound source is related to how energetically the source is vibrating, consequently making the molecules of the propagation medium vibrate. To measure the loudness of a source, the physical quantity of interest is the intensity. This is defined as the energy emitted per unit of time per unit of area perpendicular to the sound wave's propagation direction. Since the total energy is greater if the source vibrates for a longer duration and over a larger area, dividing the emitted...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Applications of Logarithms01:28

Applications of Logarithms

Logarithmic functions are powerful tools for simplifying the mathematical representation of phenomena involving exponential changes. Their ability to convert multiplicative relationships into additive ones is especially valuable in various scientific and engineering contexts. One notable application of logarithms is measuring sound intensity, specifically through the decibel (dB) scale used in acoustics.Sound intensity levels vary over an extensive range, from the faintest audible whisper to...
Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves01:05

Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves

The intensity of sound waves can be related to displacement and pressure amplitudes by using their wave expressions and the definition of intensity. The critical step to achieve this is to write the power delivered by the particles on the wave as the product of force and velocity and simplify the force per unit area as the pressure. The velocity of the medium's particles can be derived from the displacement.
Unlike the time average of a sinusoidal term, which is zero since it is positive and...
Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bridging cell morphological behaviors and molecular dynamics in multi-modal spatial omics with MorphLink.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Short-term Metformin Protects Against Glucocorticoid-Induced Toxicity in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Diabetes care·2025
Same author

Diet and Survival in Black Women With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

JAMA network open·2024
Same author

MorphLink: Bridging Cell Morphological Behaviors and Molecular Dynamics in Multi-modal Spatial Omics.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Waste animal fat with hydrothermal liquefaction as a potential route to marine biofuels.

PeerJ·2023
Same author

Survival of epithelial ovarian cancer in Black women: a society to cell approach in the African American cancer epidemiology study (AACES).

Cancer causes & control : CCC·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

An introduction to induced loudness reduction.

Michael Epstein

    The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
    |October 12, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    Induced loudness reduction (ILR) is a psychoacoustic phenomenon where a loud tone lowers the perceived loudness of a subsequent softer tone. Understanding ILR is crucial for accurate loudness measurements in auditory research.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychoacoustics
    • Auditory Perception
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Induced loudness reduction (ILR) describes how a higher-level tone (inducer) decreases the perceived loudness of a subsequent lower-level tone (test tone).
    • The magnitude of ILR is influenced by various acoustic parameters, including frequency, duration, and temporal separation of the tones.
    • This phenomenon has significant implications for the interpretation of loudness data in auditory experiments.

    Discussion:

    • ILR can introduce biases in psychoacoustic data, leading to potentially inaccurate conclusions about loudness perception.
    • Analysis of existing studies reveals that ILR is a pervasive factor in loudness measurements, often contributing to unexplained data variability.
    • Failure to account for ILR can distort results in experiments involving varying sound levels.

    More Related Videos

    Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat
    06:27

    Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat

    Published on: October 26, 2019

    Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention
    04:32

    Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention

    Published on: December 20, 2024

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

    A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
    07:14

    A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

    Published on: October 29, 2018

    Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat
    06:27

    Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat

    Published on: October 26, 2019

    Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention
    04:32

    Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention

    Published on: December 20, 2024

    Key Insights:

    • ILR is a critical factor affecting loudness perception, necessitating careful consideration in auditory research.
    • The strength of the ILR effect is modulated by specific stimulus parameters, requiring detailed analysis.
    • Unaccounted ILR can lead to systematic errors in loudness estimation.

    Outlook:

    • Future psychoacoustic experiments must incorporate methods to control or account for ILR.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying ILR and its variability.
    • Developing robust models of ILR will improve the accuracy of auditory models and hearing aid signal processing.