Tracheal rupture in burns--a retrospective study

Area of Science:

• Trauma Surgery
• Critical Care Medicine
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Tracheal ruptures and tracheoesophageal injuries are rare but life-threatening complications associated with mechanical ventilation.
• These injuries pose significant risks, particularly in vulnerable patient populations such as those with severe burns.

Observation:

• A retrospective study identified two cases (0.1% incidence) of tracheal rupture and tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF) in 1693 burned patients requiring ventilation between 2000 and 2005.
• Diagnosis was confirmed using endoscopy and computed tomography.

Findings:

• Both patients underwent immediate surgical repair of the tracheal and esophageal defects via a collar approach.
• Ventilation withdrawal was successfully managed in all cases, with patients recovering spontaneous breathing and oral feeding capabilities.

Implications:

• Tracheal rupture and tracheoesophageal injury following orotracheal intubation are infrequent but critical complications in burn patients.
• Prompt surgical intervention following accurate diagnosis is crucial and demonstrates high efficacy without subsequent complications.