Multifractal statistics of the local order parameter at random critical points: application to wetting transitions...

Disordered systems present multifractal properties at criticality. In particular, as discovered by Ludwig [A.W.W. Ludwig, Nucl. Phys. B 330, 639 (1990)] in the case of a diluted two-dimensional Potts model, the moments rho(q) (r) of the local order parameter rho(r) scale with a set x(q) of nontrivial exponents x(q) not = qx(1). We reexamine these ideas to incorporate more recent findings: (i) whenever a multifractal measure w(r) normalized over space sum(r) w(r) = 1 occurs in a random system, it is crucial to distinguish between the typical values and the disorder-averaged values of the generalized moments Y(q) = sum(r) w(q) (r), since they may scale with different generalized dimensions D(q) and D(q), and (ii), as discovered by Wiseman and Domany [S. Wiseman and E. Domany, Phys. Rev. E 52, 3469 (1995)], the presence of an infinite correlation length induces a lack of self-averaging at critical points for thermodynamic observables, in particular for the order parameter. After this general discussion, valid for any random critical point, we apply these ideas to random polymer models that can be studied numerically for large sizes and good statistics over the samples. We study the bidimensional wetting or the Poland-Scheraga DNA model with loop exponents c = 1.5 (marginal disorder) and c = 1.75 (relevant disorder). Finally, we argue that the presence of finite Griffiths-ordered clusters at criticality determines the asymptotic value x(q-->infinity) = d and the minimal value alpha(min) = D(q-->infinity) = d - x(1) of the typical multifractal spectrum f(alpha).