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Related Concept Videos

Boundary Layer Characteristics01:18

Boundary Layer Characteristics

When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
General External Flow Characteristics01:26

General External Flow Characteristics

The study of external flow is essential for creating structures and objects that interact efficiently and safely with moving fluids, such as air or water. When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, it experiences two primary forces: drag, which opposes motion along the flow direction, and lift, which acts perpendicular to the flow. The shape, size, and orientation of the object influence these forces.Streamlined and Blunt Bodies in External FlowObjects in fluid flow are classified as...
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...
Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline01:30

Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline

Bernoulli's equation relates the energy conservation in a fluid moving along a streamline. The equation applies to incompressible and inviscid fluids under steady flow. For such a flow, Newton's second law is applied to a small fluid element, which experiences forces due to pressure differences, gravity, and velocity variations. The force balance leads to the following form of Bernoulli's equation:
Surface Integrals of Vector Fields: Flux01:22

Surface Integrals of Vector Fields: Flux

Understanding the movement of air masses is fundamental to meteorological analysis and atmospheric modeling. A key component in this process is quantifying the total mass of air that flows into or out of a defined region over a specified period of time. This is achieved by evaluating the mass flux across a boundary surface, a conceptual tool that simplifies the complex dynamics of atmospheric systems.To begin, an imaginary boundary surface S is introduced, enclosing the region of interest. The...
Variation of Atmospheric Pressure01:18

Variation of Atmospheric Pressure

Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
13:27

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Published on: June 8, 2015

Large-scale intermittency in the atmospheric boundary layer.

M Kholmyansky1, L Moriconi, A Tsinober

  • 1Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The atmospheric surface boundary layer behaves like advected homogeneous turbulent systems, exhibiting log-normal intensity distributions. This finding aids direct numerical simulations of turbulence in boundary layer studies.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
13:27

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Published on: June 8, 2015

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing
08:54

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

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Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data
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Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

Published on: December 12, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Turbulence Research

Background:

  • The atmospheric surface boundary layer (SBL) is crucial for understanding energy and momentum transfer.
  • Characterizing SBL turbulence statistically is essential but challenging due to its complexity.
  • Current models often simplify SBL dynamics, necessitating more accurate statistical descriptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide empirical evidence for the statistical behavior of the atmospheric surface boundary layer.
  • To investigate the applicability of homogeneous turbulence models to SBL flows.
  • To identify key statistical features for improving turbulence simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of vorticity time series data from a high-Reynolds-number atmospheric experiment.
  • Statistical characterization of turbulent fluctuations.
  • Comparison of experimental data with theoretical models of homogeneous turbulence.

Main Results:

  • Empirical evidence supports approximating SBL flow as an advected ensemble of homogeneous turbulent systems.
  • A log-normal distribution characterizes the fluctuating intensities within these systems.
  • The findings are valid under specific statistical regimes and high Reynolds numbers.

Conclusions:

  • The atmospheric surface boundary layer can be statistically modeled as advected homogeneous turbulence.
  • Direct numerical simulations of homogeneous turbulence, augmented with large-scale fluctuation data, can inform SBL studies.
  • This research bridges the gap between idealized turbulence simulations and complex atmospheric flows.