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Space-Time Curvature and the General Theory of Relativity01:17

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Tests of relativity by complementary rotating Michelson-Morley experiments.

Holger Müller1, Paul Louis Stanwix, Michael Edmund Tobar

  • 1Physics Department, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA. holgerm@stanford.edu

Physical Review Letters
|October 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study presents new relativity tests using simultaneous Michelson-Morley experiments. The results provide improved limits on Lorentz violation for electrons and photons, enhancing our understanding of fundamental physics.

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Area of Science:

  • * Fundamental Physics
  • * Experimental Relativity
  • * Particle Physics

Background:

  • * The Standard Model of particle physics is the current framework for fundamental particles and forces.
  • * The Standard Model Extension (SME) provides a framework for testing potential deviations from the Standard Model, including Lorentz violation.
  • * Michelson-Morley experiments are crucial for testing the isotropy of space and the principles of special relativity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To conduct precise tests of Einstein's theory of relativity.
  • * To search for potential violations of Lorentz symmetry within the Standard Model Extension framework.
  • * To improve existing experimental limits on Lorentz-violating coefficients for electrons and photons.

Main Methods:

  • * Simultaneous operation of two Michelson-Morley experiments over one year.
  • * Utilization of actively rotated turntables for enhanced sensitivity.
  • * Employing optical Fabry-Perot resonators (fused silica) in Berlin and microwave whispering-gallery sapphire resonators in Perth.

Main Results:

  • * Achieved simultaneous limits on Lorentz violation for electrons (5 coefficients) and photons (8 coefficients).
  • * Obtained limits at levels down to 10^-16.
  • * Demonstrated improvement factors ranging from 3 to 50 compared to previous experimental results.

Conclusions:

  • * The experiments provide stringent constraints on potential violations of Lorentz symmetry.
  • * The findings contribute to refining the Standard Model Extension and testing fundamental physics principles.
  • * The dual-resonator approach offers a robust method for future high-precision relativity tests.