Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Publication Guidelines for Optimized Multiparameter Immunolabeling Panels (OMIPs).

Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology·2026
Same author

OMIP-121: Immune Phenotyping of Canine Peripheral Leukocytes by Mass Cytometry.

Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology·2026
Same author

Stepwise single-cell-resolved deep immunophenotyping pipeline to characterise immune heterogeneity and functionality in health and disease.

Journal of immunological methods·2026
Same author

A Neuronal Cell Line Model for Studying Camel Prions.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Limited transmission of cervid prions to nonhuman primates provides insights into the zoonotic potential of chronic wasting disease.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Prion shedding is reduced by chronic wasting disease vaccination.

PLoS pathogens·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

Therapeutic vaccination reduces HIV sequence variability.

Dieter Hoffmann1, Judith Seebach, Antonio Cosma

  • 1Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. dieter.hoffmann@lrz.tum.de

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|October 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Therapeutic vaccination using HIV nef reduced viral diversity in patients with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). This novel approach shows promise for controlling virus replication by limiting genetic variation.

More Related Videos

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
09:27

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

Published on: May 30, 2013

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector
08:10

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Published on: November 28, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
09:27

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

Published on: May 30, 2013

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector
08:10

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Published on: November 28, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) establishes lifelong infections, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Therapeutic vaccination is being explored as a method to control HIV replication.
  • The impact of therapeutic vaccination on HIV viral diversity remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of therapeutic vaccination with HIV nef on viral diversity.
  • To assess the selective pressure exerted by Nef immunization on HIV sequences.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of HIV sequences from chronically infected individuals before and after therapeutic vaccination.
  • Utilizing a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara vector for HIV nef delivery.
  • Comparison of sequence variability in nef, vif, and 5'gag genes, including control groups.

Main Results:

  • Therapeutic vaccination with HIV nef significantly decreased the pairwise variability of patient-derived Nef protein sequences (P<0.0001).
  • Control genes (vif, 5'gag) and nef sequences in unvaccinated individuals showed constant variation.
  • The findings suggest Nef immunization imposes selective pressure, limiting HIV sequence variability.

Conclusions:

  • Therapeutic HIV vaccination targeting the nef gene can reduce viral diversity.
  • This study provides the first direct evidence linking therapeutic HIV vaccination to decreased diversity in patient-derived isolates.
  • Nef immunization represents a promising strategy for controlling HIV replication by limiting viral evolution.