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Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Emission Spectra02:39

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Related Experiment Video

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Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
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Io's atmospheric response to eclipse: UV aurorae observations.

K D Retherford1, J R Spencer, S A Stern

  • 1Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA. KRetherford@swri.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Jupiter's moon Io's auroral brightness and morphology were studied using the New Horizons spacecraft. Volcanoes contribute 1-3% to Io's dayside atmosphere, influencing its interaction with Jupiter's magnetosphere.

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Space Physics
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • Io, Jupiter's volcanic moon, possesses a tenuous atmosphere and interacts dynamically with Jupiter's magnetosphere.
  • Auroral emissions on Io provide insights into atmospheric composition and magnetospheric interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relative contributions of volcanic activity and sublimation to Io's atmosphere.
  • To analyze Io's auroral emissions during eclipse to understand atmospheric density variations.
  • To determine the influence of volcanic plumes on Io's electrodynamic interaction with Jupiter's magnetosphere.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized New Horizons (NH) Alice ultraviolet spectroscopy during four eclipse observations of Io in spring 2007.
  • Correlated NH ultraviolet data with concurrent Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet imaging.
  • Compared observational data with detailed simulations of Io's auroral emissions.

Main Results:

  • Auroral brightness and morphology varied significantly after eclipse ingress and egress, indicating shifts in atmospheric source contributions.
  • Observed brightness differences at various geometries suggest a substantial density disparity between Io's dayside and nightside atmospheres.
  • Far-ultraviolet aurora morphology highlighted the impact of volcanic plumes on Io's electrodynamic coupling with Jupiter's magnetosphere.

Conclusions:

  • Volcanic sources are estimated to supply 1 to 3% of Io's dayside atmosphere.
  • Atmospheric density shows a dramatic difference between Io's dayside and nightside.
  • Io's plumes play a crucial role in its magnetospheric interactions.