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Hammer acceleration due to thrower and hammer movement patterns.

Koji Murofushi1, Shinji Sakurai, Koji Umegaki

  • 1Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan. supercat@hm5.aitai.ne.jp

Sports Biomechanics
|October 16, 2007
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Summary

Elite hammer throwers synchronize their body movements with the hammer, creating an asynchronous, pendulum-like effect to maximize throwing distance. This technique enhances hammer head acceleration for record-breaking performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Biomechanics
  • Athletic Performance Analysis

Background:

  • Understanding the biomechanics of hammer throw is crucial for optimizing technique.
  • Previous research has focused on forces, but the coordination between thrower and implement requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the three-dimensional kinematics of elite hammer throwers.
  • To investigate the relationship between the thrower's center of mass movement and the hammer head's trajectory.
  • To elucidate the technique contributing to maximal hammer throw distances.

Main Methods:

  • Measured ground reaction force and wire tensile force during test throws.
  • Utilized high-speed three-dimensional video analysis (250Hz) to capture motion.
  • Calculated displacements of the hammer head and athletes' centers of mass.

Main Results:

  • Observed asynchronous movement between the thrower's center of mass and the hammer head.
  • Identified conjunctions of the hammer's high point with the thrower's low point (and vice versa) during the final turns.
  • The Asian record holder demonstrated a distinct asynchronous pattern compared to university athletes.

Conclusions:

  • The asynchronous movement, approximately half a turn out of phase, is conjectured to accelerate the hammer head.
  • This technique resembles increasing a pendulum's amplitude by coordinated upward pulls.
  • Optimizing this asynchronous coordination is key for achieving maximal hammer throw performance.