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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and reloaded.
Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
Members Made of Elastoplastic Material01:19

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.

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Loading effect on swelling of nematic elastomers.

Kenji Urayama1, Ryo Mashita, Ichiro Kobayashi

  • 1Department of Materials Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan. urayama@rheogate.polym.kyoto-u.ac.jp

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|October 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Externally imposed stretching significantly affects nematic elastomer swelling differently in isotropic and nematic states. Stretching promotes swelling in the isotropic phase but suppresses it in the nematic phase.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Nematic elastomers exhibit unique properties due to the interplay of orientational order and elasticity.
  • Understanding the influence of external stimuli like mechanical loading on elastomer behavior is crucial for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct effects of externally imposed stretching on the swelling behavior of nematic elastomers in their high-temperature isotropic and low-temperature nematic states.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms governing swelling differences between the two phases under mechanical load.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of nematic elastomer swelling under stretching in both isotropic and nematic phases.
  • Qualitative description using a mean-field theory to model the observed phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Stretching significantly enhances swelling in the isotropic state, reducing shape anisotropy.
  • Stretching-induced volume changes are substantially suppressed in the nematic state.
  • Further swelling in the nematic phase decreases the nematic order, counteracting the effect of stretching.

Conclusions:

  • The swelling response of nematic elastomers to external loading is highly dependent on their phase (isotropic vs. nematic).
  • The observed differences are attributed to the competition between reducing shape anisotropy (isotropic phase) and maintaining nematic order (nematic phase).
  • Mean-field theory provides a qualitative framework for understanding these distinct loading effects.