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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer
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Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

Published on: November 2, 2013

Biomarkers for prostate cancer detection.

Dipen J Parekh1, Donna Pauler Ankerst, Dean Troyer

  • 1Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7802, USA. parekhd@uthscsa.edu

The Journal of Urology
|October 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

New biomarkers are needed to improve prostate cancer screening accuracy beyond prostate specific antigen (PSA). Several promising markers are in development to better differentiate cancer aggressiveness and reduce overtreatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a widely used biomarker for prostate cancer screening.
  • Current PSA testing has limitations, including low sensitivity and high false-positive rates, leading to potential overtreatment of indolent cancers.
  • There is a critical need for novel biomarkers to improve prostate cancer detection and risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging biomarkers for prostate cancer detection.
  • To assess the status of biomarker studies in relation to established validation phases.
  • To identify markers that can differentiate indolent from aggressive prostate cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a literature search to identify established and emerging prostate cancer biomarkers.

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  • Interpreted Early Detection Research Network guidelines for biomarker study phases.
  • Reviewed the current status of biomarker studies against these validation phases.

    • Main Results:

    • High-throughput research (genomic, proteomic, autoantibody signatures) shows potential but requires validation.
    • PSA derivatives (e.g., PSA density, velocity) do not sufficiently improve performance to replace PSA.
    • Promising markers like PCA3, hepsin, and others are undergoing validation.

    Conclusions:

    • Discovering and validating novel biomarkers requires standardized evaluation phases.
    • Several new biomarkers are nearing initial validation stages for prostate cancer.
    • These emerging markers may augment or replace PSA for improved screening and management.