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Review and Preview

Review and Preview

In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...

Review and Preview

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...

Guidelines for Writing Outcome

Guidelines for Writing Outcome

When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations:
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care evaluation by...

Feedback Loops

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.

Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Focusing involves centering a conversation on a message's critical elements or concepts. Focusing is valuable if the talk is vague or patients begin to repeat themselves. Sometimes, when patients are asked about their symptoms, they may go off-topic and try to tell their entire life story. Respectfully, the nurse should bring the conversation back into focus.
This therapeutic technique can also be used when a patient brings up pertinent information during a health-related conversation. The...

Ethics in Research

Ethics in Research

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

A Modified Transcranial Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model to Study Stroke Outcomes in Aged Mice

A Modified Transcranial Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model to Study Stroke Outcomes in Aged Mice

Published on: May 5, 2023

Tips and tricks in writing review article.

Ari Fahrial Syam¹

¹Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.

Acta Medica Indonesiana

|October 17, 2007

Summary

Writing a literature review is simpler than other scientific reports. This guide outlines the essential steps for conducting and publishing a successful article review, emphasizing topic selection and literature sourcing.

Area of Science:

Medical Writing
Scientific Communication

Background:

Article writing is a fundamental skill for physicians.
Literature reviews are considered the simplest form of scientific writing.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a foundational understanding of the article review writing process.
To guide physicians in preparing and publishing literature reviews.

Main Methods:

Identifying a suitable topic for review.
Conducting a comprehensive literature search.
Synthesizing and organizing findings.

Main Results:

The article review process involves topic selection and literature retrieval.
Successful publication requires a clear structure and synthesis of information.

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Conclusions:

Physicians, including specialists and consultants, should aim to publish article reviews.
The desire to publish is a key motivator for engaging in scientific writing.