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Interference between mobile phones and pacemakers: a look inside.

Federica Censi1, Giovanni Calcagnini, Michele Triventi

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Newer pacemakers are less susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) from mobile phones. This is due to built-in filters protecting cardiac pacemakers from radio frequency (RF) signals, preventing potential heart rhythm interference.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Electromagnetics
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Electromagnetic interference (EMI) between mobile phones and cardiac pacemakers (PM) is a significant concern.
  • Older pacemakers exhibit a higher susceptibility to mobile phone interference compared to newer models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the mechanisms of EMI between mobile phones and pacemakers.
  • To investigate how radiated radio frequency (RF) signals from GSM mobile phones affect pacemaker function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on mobile phone-pacemaker interactions.
  • Experimental analysis of RF signal demodulation in pacemakers without feedthrough filters.
  • Evaluation of the protective effect of RF feedthrough filters in newer pacemakers.

Main Results:

  • Older pacemakers are more vulnerable to mobile phone interference.
  • Non-linear circuit elements in pacemakers can demodulate modulated RF signals, posing a risk.
  • Pacemakers with RF feedthrough filters show significantly reduced susceptibility to EMI.

Conclusions:

  • Newer pacemakers, equipped with RF feedthrough filters, are better protected against mobile phone-induced EMI.
  • Feedthrough assemblies effectively prevent RF signals from entering the pacemaker enclosure, attenuating interference.
  • The incorporation of RF filters is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of pacemakers in the presence of mobile phone usage.