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Decreased Body Temperature

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...

Methods of reducing fever

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may include:

Increased Body Temperature

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above 38°C (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Published on: November 21, 2017

Osborn wave in accidental hypothermia.

Ernest Matthew Quin¹, Honey East, Michael R McMullan

¹University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Jackson 39216, USA. equin@medicine.umsmed.edu

Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association

|October 18, 2007

Summary

Accidental hypothermia, often caused by cold exposure, can lead to altered mental status. Characteristic electrocardiogram changes, like the Osborn wave, suggest hypothermia, with warming resolving abnormalities.

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Area of Science:

Internal Medicine
Cardiology
Emergency Medicine

Background:

Hypothermia results from various causes, most commonly accidental cold exposure.
Diagnosis relies heavily on patient history and physical examination.
Typical laboratory abnormalities can accompany hypothermia.

Observation:

An elderly male presented with altered mentation after prolonged cold exposure.
Physical examination confirmed hypothermia.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed characteristic changes suggestive of hypothermia.

Findings:

Extensive workup identified only adrenal insufficiency.
ECG abnormalities resolved upon rewarming the patient.
The Osborn wave on ECG is a key, though not pathognomic, indicator of hypothermia.

Implications:

Prompt recognition and warming are crucial for managing hypothermia.
ECG findings, particularly the Osborn wave, aid in diagnosis.
Atrial fibrillation and shivering artifact are predictors of outcome in hypothermia.