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Published on: July 22, 2015
Variability in effective radiating area at 1 MHz affects ultrasound treatment intensity
Stephen J Straub1, Lennart D Johns, Samuel M Howard
1Department of Physical Therapy, Quinnipiac University, 275 Mt Carmel Ave FOTRN, Hamden, CT 06489, USA. stephen.straub@quinnipiac.edu
Background And Purpose:
Previous research has indicated that not all ultrasound transducers heat at equal rates; however, the cause of this disparity is unclear. Variability in spatial average intensity (SAI) has been implicated in this disparity at 3 MHz. This variability has not been explored at 1 MHz.
Methods:
Sixty-six 5-cm(2) ultrasound transducers were purchased from 6 different manufacturers. Transducers were calibrated and assessed for effective radiating area (ERA), total output power, and SAI using standardized measurement techniques.
Results:
Total output power values fell within US Food and Drug Administration guidelines, but there were large variations in ERA. The resulting SAI values showed large deviations (-43% to +61%) from the digitally displayed value. Intra-manufacturer SAI values varied up to 53%.
Discussion And Conclusion:
Spatial average intensity can vary largely from the values displayed on these ultrasound generators; in a calibrated cohort, this difference is primarily attributable to differences in measured ERA. Patterns of SAI variability within the manufacturer at 1 MHz do not follow previous reports of variability at 3 MHz.
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