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Determining long-term (decadal) deep drainage rate using multiple tracers.

Bing C Si1, Eeltje de Jong

  • 1Dep. of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Bing.Si@usask.ca

Journal of Environmental Quality
|October 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study measured long-term deep drainage rates on Canadian Prairie soil using tracers. Results show consistent, low groundwater recharge rates over eight decades, indicating minimal temporal variability.

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrology
  • Soil Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Deep drainage rate is crucial for understanding soil and groundwater contamination.
  • Limited research exists on long-term temporal variations in deep drainage rates.
  • Cultivated soils in the Canadian Prairies present a unique environment for hydrological study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the long-term deep drainage rate on cultivated loamy soil in the Canadian Prairies.
  • To assess temporal variations in deep drainage over the last century.
  • To provide insights into groundwater recharge mechanisms in agricultural landscapes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three tracers: KCl (1971), fallout tritium (3H, 1963), and nitrate (NO3*, 1923).
  • Collected soil cores to 3.6 m depth to measure tracer concentrations (Cl(-), 3H, NO3*) and soil water content.
  • Calculated deep drainage rates based on tracer velocity and volumetric soil water content below the root zone.

Main Results:

  • Tracer peaks were identified at distinct depths: 1.27 m (Cl-), 1.31 m (3H), and 1.52 m (NO3*).
  • Average deep drainage rates were calculated as 2.0 mm/yr (Cl-), 2.2 mm/yr (3H), and 2.5 mm/yr (NO3*).
  • Recharge rates were consistently low, representing less than 1% of mean annual precipitation (333 mm).

Conclusions:

  • Deep drainage rates showed little temporal variability over eight decades of cultivation.
  • Groundwater recharge in this cultivated loamy soil is minimal and stable.
  • Findings have implications for water resource management and contaminant transport modeling in agricultural regions.