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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
Determination of Expected Frequency01:08

Determination of Expected Frequency

Suppose one wants to test independence between the two variables of a contingency table. The values in the table constitute the observed frequencies of the dataset. But how does one determine the expected frequency of the dataset? One of the important assumptions is that the two variables are independent, which means the variables do not influence each other. For independent variables, the statistical probability of any event involving both variables is calculated by multiplying the individual...
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.In the early 20th century,...
Properties of Laplace Transform-II01:16

Properties of Laplace Transform-II

Time differentiation, convolution, integration, and periodicity are fundamental concepts in analyzing functions and signals over time. Each concept provides a unique perspective on how functions evolve, interact, and repeat, offering essential tools for various scientific and engineering applications.
Time differentiation involves analyzing the rate of change of a function over time. Mathematically, it is the derivative of a function with respect to time. This concept can be likened to tracking...

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Fourier-Based Diffraction Analysis of Live Caenorhabditis elegans
08:24

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Published on: September 13, 2017

Frequency-Dependent Selection in a Periodic Environment.

Robert Forster1, Claus O Wilke

  • 1Digital Life Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.

Physica A
|October 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural selection in changing environments favors the coexistence of competing virus strains, not extinction. This outcome can manifest as stable equilibria, limit cycles, or chaotic dynamics, impacting viral population dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Population Dynamics
  • Theoretical Ecology

Background:

  • Natural selection drives adaptation in fluctuating environments.
  • Specialist species often face extinction when environmental conditions change.
  • Frequency-dependent selection influences species coexistence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of natural selection on competing specialist strains in a periodically changing environment.
  • To determine the conditions under which coexistence or extinction is favored.
  • To explore the potential population dynamics, including stable equilibria, limit cycles, and chaos.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling of population dynamics.
  • Analysis of frequency-dependent selection models.
  • Simulation of evolutionary trajectories under periodic environmental changes.

Main Results:

  • Coexistence of competing specialist strains is the likely outcome, rather than extinction.
  • The model predicts stable periodic equilibria, stable limit cycles, or deterministically chaotic dynamics.
  • The findings are robust across a general class of frequency-dependent selection.

Conclusions:

  • Periodically changing environments with frequency-dependent selection can promote the stable coexistence of specialist species.
  • The complex dynamics observed have implications for understanding viral population fluctuations.
  • This model provides a framework for studying evolutionary dynamics in dynamic ecological systems.