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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Migraine in pregnancy.

Elizabeth Loder1

  • 1Division of Headache and Pain, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's/Faulkner Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA. eloder@partners.org

Seminars in Neurology
|October 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Migraine headaches can complicate pregnancy, often improving during gestation but potentially flaring postpartum. Careful management, prioritizing non-drug options, is key for pregnant and breastfeeding individuals with migraine.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Obstetrics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Migraine is a common neurological disorder that frequently affects women of childbearing age.
  • Pregnancy can significantly alter migraine patterns, with many experiencing improvement, while others face postpartum exacerbations.
  • Distinguishing postpartum migraine flares from other serious causes of headache is critical for maternal safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the management of migraine during pregnancy and lactation.
  • To discuss the risks and benefits of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments.
  • To inform clinicians about the unique considerations for migraineurs throughout the pregnancy continuum.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on migraine in pregnancy and lactation.

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache
05:40

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

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  • Analysis of treatment guidelines and risk stratification systems.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding maternal and neonatal outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Migraine often improves during pregnancy, but postpartum flares are common and can mimic dangerous conditions.
    • Limited medication use is generally recommended, with non-pharmacologic approaches preferred.
    • Treatment strategies must be tailored to the stage of pregnancy and lactation, utilizing risk assessment tools.

    Conclusions:

    • Women with migraine face increased risks for certain pregnancy complications, but neonatal risks are not significantly elevated.
    • Migraine is not a contraindication for breastfeeding, and appropriate management is achievable.
    • Personalized, evidence-based care is essential for managing migraine in pregnant and lactating individuals.