Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

The oestrogen paradox: a hypothesis.

Richard J Santen1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlotesville, Virginia 22908, USA. RJS5Y@hscmail.mcc.virginia.edu

Endokrynologia Polska
|October 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation and management of worsening virilization in a postmenopausal woman diagnosed with PCOS.

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2026
Same author

Evidence for actions of estrone distinct from those of estradiol.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Establishment of harmonized international reference ranges for plasma estradiol concentrations in postmenopausal women.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Management of Riedel Thyroiditis With Completion Thyroidectomy to Relieve Persistent Compressive Symptoms.

JCEM case reports·2025
Same author

Successful Retirement Planning for Endocrinologists.

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2024
Same author

Role of ERα and Aromatase in Juvenile Gigantomastia.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2024
Same journal

Clinical significance of miR-506-5p in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its regulatory effect on pancreatic β-cell proliferation.

Endokrynologia Polska·2026
Same journal

Comparative analysis of neuropsychological impairments between Cushing's disease and non-functioning pituitary adenoma patients: the roles of HPA axis hormones and inflammatory markers in a prospective cohort study.

Endokrynologia Polska·2026
Same journal

The influence of stress and cortisol on thyroid dysfunction.

Endokrynologia Polska·2026
Same journal

Serum adipocytokine levels in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Endokrynologia Polska·2026
Same journal

The impact of cytopathologist-performed rapid on-site evaluation on the diagnostic adequacy of thyroid fine-needle aspiration.

Endokrynologia Polska·2026
Same journal

Partial lipodystrophy as a late complication of bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Endokrynologia Polska·2026
See all related articles

Estrogen therapy

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Long-term estrogen therapy in post-menopausal women is linked to increased breast cancer risk.
  • Short-term estrogen use and high-dose administration for existing breast cancer show tumor regression.
  • These contrasting effects present an "estrogen paradox" in breast cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a hypothesis explaining the paradoxical effects of estrogen on breast cancer.
  • To investigate mechanisms behind estrogen's dual role in breast cancer development and regression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological and observational studies on estrogen therapy and breast cancer.
  • Analysis of experimental data on cellular responses to estrogen deprivation and administration.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Hypothesizing mechanisms involving apoptosis, Fas/Fas ligand pathway, and mitochondrial pathways.

    • Main Results:

    • Estrogen deprivation followed by estrogen exposure induces apoptosis in adapted cells via Fas/Fas ligand and mitochondrial pathways.
    • This programmed cell death may explain tumor regression in existing breast cancer.
    • Long-term estrogen exposure may increase breast cancer risk through enhanced cell division, DNA replication errors, and genotoxic metabolites.

    Conclusions:

    • The study hypothesizes that short-term estrogen induces apoptosis, explaining tumor regression and reduced new diagnoses.
    • Long-term estrogen exposure may promote carcinogenesis via genotoxicity and increased cell division.
    • Further rigorous verification is needed to confirm these hypotheses for the "estrogen paradox".