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Leucocyte numbers and quality: their effect on viscosity.

S Roath1, P Davenport

  • 1University Department of Haematology, Southampton General Hospital.

Clinical and Laboratory Haematology
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Leukocyte viscosity increases with certain leukemias, particularly acute myelomonocytic leukemia. High cell counts in these leukemias pose a significant risk of blood hyperviscosity.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Rheology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Leukocyte (white blood cell) viscosity is a critical factor in blood flow dynamics.
  • Understanding how different types of leukemia affect blood viscosity is essential for patient risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the viscosity and flow properties of leukocyte suspensions in various leukemia types.
  • To determine the impact of varying leukocyte counts and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) on blood viscosity.

Main Methods:

  • Leukocyte suspensions from patients with acute myelomonocytic, acute myeloid, chronic myelogenous, and chronic lymphatic leukemias were analyzed.
  • Viscosity was measured in native plasma across a range of leukocyte concentrations (100-600 x 10(9)/l) and shear stresses.
  • The influence of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) on viscosity was also assessed.

Main Results:

  • Leukocyte viscosity showed an increasing trend from chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) to chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML).
  • A correlation between viscosity and mean corpuscular volume was observed.
  • High leukocyte counts in AMML and AML significantly increased the risk of blood hyperviscosity.

Conclusions:

  • Leukocyte viscosity is significantly altered in various leukemia subtypes, with AMML exhibiting the highest viscosity.
  • Patients with AMML and AML, especially at high cell densities, face a substantial risk of developing hyperviscosity syndrome.
  • These findings highlight the importance of rheological assessment in managing leukemia patients.

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