Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups01:20

Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and Cox...
Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial evaluating a...
Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies.
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction to: To develop a regional ICU mortality prediction model during the first 24 h of ICU admission utilizing MODS and NEMS with six other independent variables from the critical care information system (CCIS) Ontario, Canada.

Journal of intensive care·2020
Same author

DSRIG: Incorporating graphical structure in the regularized modeling of SNP data.

Journal of bioinformatics and computational biology·2019
Same author

Guelph Family Health Study: pilot study of a home-based obesity prevention intervention.

Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique·2018
Same author

Guelph Family Health Study's Home-Based Obesity Prevention Intervention Increases Fibre and Fruit Intake in Preschool-Aged Children.

Canadian journal of dietetic practice and research : a publication of Dietitians of Canada = Revue canadienne de la pratique et de la recherche en dietetique : une publication des Dietetistes du Canada·2018
Same author

On the estimation of intracluster correlation for time-to-event outcomes in cluster randomized trials.

Statistics in medicine·2016
Same author

To develop a regional ICU mortality prediction model during the first 24 h of ICU admission utilizing MODS and NEMS with six other independent variables from the Critical Care Information System (CCIS) Ontario, Canada.

Journal of intensive care·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
08:36

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Published on: April 19, 2024

Meta-analysis of community-based cluster randomization trials with binary outcomes.

Gerarda A Darlington1, Allan Donner

  • 1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. gdarling@uoguelph.ca

Clinical Trials (London, England)
|October 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Meta-analysis of cluster randomization trials requires accounting for intracluster correlation. An adjusted Mantel-Haenszel procedure offers a valid and powerful approach for binary outcomes in meta-analyses of cluster randomized trials.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
08:36

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Published on: April 19, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Biostatistics
  • Epidemiology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Cluster randomization trials (CRTs) are essential for interventions targeting grouped individuals (e.g., communities).
  • Meta-analysis of multiple CRTs necessitates addressing intracluster correlation and study stratification.
  • Standard meta-analysis methods may be invalid due to ignoring dependencies among clustered participants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate various meta-analysis approaches for cluster randomization trials with binary outcomes.
  • To identify valid and powerful statistical methods for combining results from CRTs.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed standard Mantel-Haenszel test invalidity due to ignored intracluster dependencies.
  • Investigated modified Mantel-Haenszel, general inverse variance, and Woolf statistic approaches.
  • Utilized Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate empirical Type I errors and statistical power.
  • Applied methods to trial data comparing antenatal care programs for hypertension risk.

Main Results:

  • An adjusted Mantel-Haenszel procedure demonstrated validity and superior power in simulation scenarios.
  • The adjusted Mantel-Haenszel slightly outperformed the general inverse variance approach.
  • The Woolf statistic approach did not require trial-specific design effects.

Conclusions:

  • The adjusted Mantel-Haenszel procedure is a recommended meta-analysis method for CRTs with binary outcomes.
  • Method selection depends on data availability and study characteristics.
  • Confounding adjustment was not addressed but is often limited by data in meta-analyses.