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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
209
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

61
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

123
The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
123
Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

77
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

98
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

47
The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible...
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Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device
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The human microbiome project.

Peter J Turnbaugh1, Ruth E Ley, Micah Hamady

  • 1Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.

Nature
|October 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study outlines a strategy to investigate the human microbiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Genetics
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • The human body harbors a vast microbial community.
  • Understanding the microbiome's role in health and disease is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a strategy for analyzing the microbiome's interaction with human genetics and metabolism.
  • To elucidate the microbiome's contribution to physiological processes and disease susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of multi-omics data (genomics, metabolomics, metagenomics).
  • Development of computational frameworks for systems biology analysis.
  • Comparative analysis across diverse human populations.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key microbial taxa associated with metabolic pathways.
  • Correlation of specific microbial metabolites with host genetic variations.
  • Discovery of microbial signatures linked to predisposition to certain diseases.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive strategy is established for studying the human microbiome's impact.
  • The microbiome significantly influences human physiology and disease risk.
  • This approach provides a foundation for microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics.