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Deterministic and stochastic models of NFkappaB pathway.

Tomasz Lipniacki1, Marek Kimmel

  • 1Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Swietokrzyska 21, 00-049, Warsaw, Poland. tomek@rice.edu

Cardiovascular Toxicology
|October 19, 2007
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Stochastic models reveal that the NF-kappaB (Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathway exhibits significant cell-to-cell variability. This inherent noise in immune responses may enhance defense against pathogens.

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Area of Science:

  • Systems Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) pathway regulates critical immune responses like inflammation and apoptosis.
  • Negative feedback loops involving IkappaBalpha and A20 tightly control NF-kappaB activity, leading to oscillations in its cellular localization.
  • Recent single-cell experiments highlight the significant role of stochastic (random) effects in NF-kappaB regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of deterministic and stochastic models of the NF-kappaB regulatory module.
  • To explore the implications of stochasticity in NF-kappaB signaling for cellular behavior and immune defense.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on deterministic and stochastic modeling of the NF-kappaB pathway.
  • Analysis of experimental evidence supporting the role of stochastic effects in NF-kappaB regulation.
  • Discussion of sources of noise, including gene expression and receptor activation.

Main Results:

  • Stochastic modeling confirms substantial cell-to-cell variability in NF-kappaB pathway responses.
  • No single cell consistently represents an 'average' cellular behavior.
  • Sources of stochasticity include gene activity regulation and receptor activation, particularly at low stimulation doses.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular systems, including the NF-kappaB pathway, can be viewed as noisy biochemical reactors.
  • High cell-to-cell variability in immune responses may represent an adaptive strategy against pathogens.
  • Non-deterministic immune defense mechanisms are potentially more robust against pathogen evasion tactics.