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Therapy Interventions for Upper Limb Amputees Undergoing Selective Nerve Transfers

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Interface pressures during ambulation using suction and vacuum-assisted prosthetic sockets.

Tracy L Beil¹, Glenn M Street, Steven J Covey

¹Human Performance Laboratory and the Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, St. Cloud State University, MN, USA.

Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development

|October 19, 2007

Summary

Vacuum-assisted prosthetic sockets significantly reduce positive interface pressures during walking and increase negative pressures during swing phase. This mechanism helps prevent limb volume loss in transtibial amputees.

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Prosthetics and Orthotics
Rehabilitation Engineering

Background:

Transtibial amputees often experience daily limb volume fluctuations.
Volume loss can negatively impact prosthetic socket fit and function.
Traditional suction sockets may not fully prevent volume changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare interface pressures during ambulation between a normal suction socket and a vacuum-assisted socket.
To investigate the effect of vacuum-assisted sockets on preventing limb volume loss.

Main Methods:

Nine unilateral transtibial amputees participated in the study.
Interface pressures were measured using force-sensing resistors and an air pressure sensor within urethane liners.
Measurements were taken during ambulation with both normal suction and vacuum-assisted sockets.

Main Results:

Vacuum-assisted sockets generated significantly lower positive pressure impulse and peak pressures during the stance phase.
Vacuum-assisted sockets produced significantly greater magnitude negative pressure impulse, average, and peak pressures during the swing phase.
These pressure differences are hypothesized to reduce fluid expulsion during stance and increase fluid intake during swing.

Conclusions:

Vacuum-assisted prosthetic sockets demonstrate a superior pressure management profile during ambulation compared to normal suction sockets.
The observed pressure dynamics in vacuum-assisted sockets are believed to be the mechanism for preventing limb volume loss.
This technology offers a promising approach to improve prosthetic socket comfort and consistency for transtibial amputees.