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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects

3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects

Published on: August 4, 2020

Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants.

M Esposito¹, L Murray-Curtis, M G Grusovin

¹School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester, UK, M15 6FH. espositomarco@hotmail.com

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

|October 19, 2007

Summary

Dental implants with smoother surfaces show a reduced risk of perimplantitis, a chronic infection. However, no specific dental implant type demonstrated superior long-term success in this review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

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Published on: October 18, 2021

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects

3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects

Published on: August 4, 2020

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla

Published on: October 18, 2021

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Dental Implantology
Clinical Research

Background:

Dental implants vary in material, shape, and surface characteristics, with numerous modifications developed to improve clinical outcomes.
Osseointegrated dental implants are a common prosthetic solution for tooth loss.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the clinical performance of different types of root-formed osseointegrated dental implants.
To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in clinical outcomes between various dental implant designs.

Main Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted.
Searches included major databases (Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE) and handsearching of dental journals.
Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers.

Main Results:

Sixteen RCTs involving 771 patients compared 18 different titanium implant types.
No significant differences in implant failure rates were found between implant types.
Implants with smoother (turned) surfaces showed a reduced risk of perimplantitis compared to rougher surfaces.

Conclusions:

Limited evidence suggests smoother implant surfaces may reduce the risk of bone loss due to perimplantitis.
No specific dental implant type demonstrated superior long-term success.
Further high-quality RCTs with longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these findings.