Interventions for smokeless tobacco use cessation.
J O Ebbert1, V Montori, K S Vickers
1Mayo Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. ebbert.jon@mayo.edu
The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|October 19, 2007
Summary
Behavioral interventions are recommended for smokeless tobacco (ST) cessation, with telephone counseling or oral exams potentially improving success rates. Pharmacotherapies have not demonstrated long-term effectiveness for quitting ST.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Addiction Medicine
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Smokeless tobacco (ST) use leads to nicotine addiction and serious health issues like cancer and periodontal disease.
- Effective interventions are crucial for ST cessation to mitigate long-term health consequences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of behavioral and pharmacological interventions for smokeless tobacco cessation.
- To identify which interventions yield the highest long-term abstinence rates.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Searched multiple databases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO up to March 2007.
- Included trials with at least six months follow-up for behavioral or pharmacological interventions.
Main Results:
- Pharmacological interventions, including bupropion SR, nicotine patches, and nicotine gum, did not show significant long-term benefits for ST cessation.
- Twelve behavioral interventions were analyzed, with six demonstrating significant positive effects on abstinence.
- Post-hoc analyses suggested that behavioral interventions incorporating telephone counseling or oral examinations may enhance quit rates.
Conclusions:
- Behavioral interventions are recommended as a primary strategy for smokeless tobacco cessation.
- Telephone counseling and oral examinations may be valuable components to increase abstinence rates.
- Current pharmacotherapies lack evidence of effectiveness in promoting long-term ST abstinence.
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