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Strabismus and eye muscle function.

Gunnar Lennerstrand1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Karolinska Institutet, St Erik's Eye Hospital, Bernadotte Laboratories, Stockholm, Sweden. Gunnar.Lennerstrand@ste.ki.se

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica
|October 20, 2007
PubMed
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Strabismus in animals shows adapted eye muscle function, not primary muscle defects. Human strabismus may involve sensory suppression in the visual cortex, suggesting new research avenues.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • External eye muscles possess unique fiber composition, offering high speed and fatigue resistance.
  • Concomitant strabismus is generally not attributed to primary eye muscle or ocular motor system abnormalities.
  • Gross anatomy and basic histology of eye muscles remain unchanged in strabismus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review external eye muscle morphology and physiology in concomitant strabismus.
  • To investigate motor and sensory functions, including adaptations and proprioception.
  • To explore potential mechanisms underlying strabismus and identify future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on external eye muscle morphology and physiology in strabismus.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of cellular and biochemical changes in eye muscle fibers.
  • Functional assessment of eye muscle contractions and fatigue resistance.
  • Examination of sensory organ (muscle spindles, tendon organs) function and proprioceptive input.

    • Main Results:

    • Cellular and biochemical changes observed in singly innervated orbital fibers, leading to slower contractions and reduced fatigue resistance in strabismic animals.
    • These changes are likely adaptations to altered visual demands in strabismus.
    • Proprioceptive input from one eye may be suppressed in strabismic patients, potentially occurring in the visual cortex.

    Conclusions:

    • Eye muscle function in strabismus appears adaptive rather than a primary defect.
    • Proprioceptive mechanisms, particularly sensory suppression in the visual cortex, warrant further investigation in strabismus.
    • Research into proprioception may offer more insight into childhood strabismus than solely focusing on motor aspects.