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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

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Related Experiment Video

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MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

Host-virus genome interactions: macro roles for microRNAs.

Vinod Scaria1, Manoj Hariharan, Beena Pillai

  • 1GN Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, CSIR, Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India.

Cellular Microbiology
|October 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs regulate gene expression and are involved in host-virus interactions. Understanding this cross-talk is key to developing new antiviral therapies.

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • These molecules are involved in various biological processes, including development, oncogenesis, and antiviral defense.
  • Emerging evidence indicates that viruses can encode their own miRNAs, adding complexity to host-pathogen interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate mechanisms of host-virus cross-talk mediated by microRNAs.
  • To highlight recent advancements and trends in understanding viral pathogenesis through miRNA interactions.
  • To identify current challenges and future directions in the field of miRNA-mediated host-virus communication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications on microRNAs and viral interactions.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the roles of both host and viral microRNAs in infection.
  • Synthesis of findings related to gene regulatory networks influenced by microRNAs during viral infections.

Main Results:

  • Host and viral microRNAs form a novel regulatory layer influencing genetic interactions between hosts and viruses.
  • MicroRNA-mediated cross-talk plays a significant role in viral pathogenesis and immune response modulation.
  • Identification of specific microRNAs and their targets involved in various viral infections.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding host-virus microRNA interactions is crucial for deciphering viral pathogenesis.
  • This knowledge can pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies against viral infections.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complexities and therapeutic potential of microRNA-mediated host-virus cross-talk.