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Androgens and body fat distribution.

Karine Blouin1, Ariane Boivin, André Tchernof

  • 1Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Center, Laval University Medical Research Center, 2705 Laurier Boulevard T3-67, Québec, Que, Canada.

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Sex differences in obesity, like android vs. gynoid fat distribution, impact metabolic health. Androgens may influence fat storage and breakdown in specific adipose tissue depots, with local enzymes playing a key role.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Significant sex differences exist in body fat distribution, with men exhibiting android obesity and women gynoid obesity.
  • Intra-abdominal adipose tissue is twice as high in men, contributing to differing metabolic profiles and cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Androgens are implicated in sex-specific fat distribution and metabolic syndrome features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of androgens in depot-specific adipose tissue mass regulation.
  • To investigate how androgens influence preadipocyte behavior and adipocyte function.
  • To examine the local enzymatic modulation of androgen action within adipose tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of association studies linking sex hormones to intra-abdominal fat.
  • Review of in vitro studies on androgen effects on cultured adipocytes and adipose tissue.
  • Investigation of steroidogenic enzyme expression in human adipose tissue.

Main Results:

  • Circulating androgens are negatively associated with visceral fat in men.
  • Low sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in women may indicate elevated free androgens linked to visceral fat.
  • Androgen treatment may decrease adipogenesis and increase lipolysis in adipose tissue.
  • Adipose tissue expresses enzymes, like the aldoketoreductase 1C family, that modulate local androgen action.

Conclusions:

  • Androgens likely influence adipose tissue mass in a depot-specific manner.
  • Local enzymatic systems within adipose tissue play a crucial role in modulating androgen effects.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can provide insights into sex differences in obesity and metabolic disease.