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Multisite interstitial stimulation for cardiac micro-impedance measurements.

Andrew E Pollard¹, Roger C Barr

¹Biomedical Engineering and Cardiac Rhythm Management Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. pollard@crml.uab.edu

Conference Proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference

|October 20, 2007

Summary

Multisite interstitial stimulation can measure cardiac micro-impedances. This technique, using simulations, shows promise for routine cardiac electrophysiology studies.

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Area of Science:

Cardiac Electrophysiology
Biophysics
Computational Biology

Background:

Interstitial current injection and removal with closely spaced electrodes do not cross cell membranes.
Potential equilibration occurs at distances from widely separated electrodes.
Multisite interstitial stimulation theoretically allows independent measurement of intracellular and interstitial micro-impedances.

Purpose of the Study:

To test the feasibility of measuring cardiac micro-impedances using multisite interstitial stimulation.
To evaluate the impact of electrode spacing and micro-impedance anisotropy on measurement accuracy.

Main Methods:

Simulations of multisite interstitial stimulation were performed using two-dimensional models incorporating Luo-Rudy dynamic (LRd) membrane equations.

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Simulations included both isotropic and anisotropic micro-impedance conditions, with varying intracellular/interstitial ratios.

Micro-impedance measurements were derived by comparing simulated potential differences (delta phi o) with passive bidomain simulation results (Delta phi o).

Main Results:

Simulations demonstrated that interstitial potential differences recorded centrally depend on micro-impedances.
The study successfully generated test data (delta phi o) under various micro-impedance conditions.
Statistical comparisons validated the potential for independent micro-impedance measurement.

Conclusions:

Multisite interstitial stimulation is a feasible method for measuring cardiac micro-impedances.
Development of microfabricated devices for this procedure could enhance cardiac electrophysiologic studies.
This technique offers a novel approach for characterizing cardiac tissue properties.