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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism, and...

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

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Morphological heart arrhythmia detection using Hermitian basis functions and kNN classifier.

S Karimifard¹, A Ahmadian, M Khoshnevisan

¹Department of Biomedical Systems & Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. karimifard@razi.tums.ac.ir

Conference Proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference

|October 20, 2007

Summary

This study introduces a novel method for detecting heart arrhythmias using electrocardiography (ECG) signals and Hermitian basis functions (HBF). The approach achieves high accuracy and is suitable for real-time cardiac arrhythmia diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cardiology
Signal Processing

Background:

Heart arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms that can lead to serious health issues.
Accurate and timely detection of arrhythmias is crucial for effective patient management.
Electrocardiography (ECG) is a primary tool for diagnosing cardiac arrhythmias.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a novel method for morphological heart arrhythmia detection.
To utilize Hermitian basis functions (HBF) for modeling ECG signals.
To assess the efficiency of a k-nearest neighbor (kNN) classifier for arrhythmia classification.

Main Methods:

ECG signals were sourced from the MIT/BIH arrhythmia database.
ECG beats were modeled using Hermitian basis functions (HBF) with optimized width parameter (sigma).
A feature vector derived from HBF parameters was input into a k-nearest neighbor (kNN) classifier.

Main Results:

The proposed method achieved high sensitivity (99.00%) and specificity (99.84%) in detecting seven types of arrhythmias.
The classification process was completed in under 0.6 seconds.
Performance metrics are comparable to existing state-of-the-art methods.

Conclusions:

The HBF modeling approach combined with kNN classification provides an effective method for heart arrhythmia detection.
The system's speed makes it suitable for real-time cardiac monitoring and diagnosis.
This technique offers a promising advancement in automated arrhythmia analysis.