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Attachment

Attachment

Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that physical...

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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

The crying infant.

Martin Herman¹, Audrey Le

¹University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN 38103, USA. martinherman@comcast.net

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America

|October 24, 2007

Summary

Excessive infant crying can be a diagnostic challenge for healthcare providers. This article outlines the differential diagnosis and management strategies for crying infants.

Area of Science:

Pediatrics
Neonatology
Infant Health

Background:

Infant crying is a common concern for parents and healthcare providers.
Persistent or excessive crying can indicate underlying medical conditions.
A systematic approach is necessary for accurate diagnosis and effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of the differential diagnosis for crying infants.
To outline evidence-based management strategies for addressing infant crying.
To assist healthcare providers in managing infants presenting with crying.

Main Methods:

Review of current medical literature on infant crying.
Analysis of common causes of infant crying.
Discussion of diagnostic workup and treatment protocols.

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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

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Published on: January 7, 2020

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

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Published on: May 15, 2019

Main Results:

Identified key differential diagnoses for infant crying, including medical and non-medical causes.
Outlined diagnostic approaches based on infant history, physical examination, and investigations.
Summarized management options ranging from supportive care to specific medical interventions.

Conclusions:

Effective management of crying infants requires a thorough diagnostic evaluation.
Addressing the underlying cause of crying is crucial for infant well-being.
Healthcare providers can utilize this information to improve care for crying infants.