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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
06:16

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

miRNA: the new gene silencer.

Jeffrey S Ross1, J Andrew Carlson, Graham Brock

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, NY 12208, USA.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology
|October 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules regulating gene expression and are key in cancer development. miRNA signatures aid in cancer detection, classification, and prognosis, offering potential for new gene therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules (19-24 nucleotides) that regulate messenger RNA expression.
  • They are part of a class of small regulatory RNAs, including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
  • miRNAs control downstream gene targets, such as transcription factors, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of microRNAs in cancer development, diagnosis, and prognosis.
  • To investigate the potential of miRNA signatures for cancer detection and classification.
  • To examine the therapeutic potential of targeting miRNAs in anticancer gene therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptional profiling using genomic microarrays and beads.

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In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
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In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge

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Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library
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Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

Published on: April 6, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
06:16

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
09:53

In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge

Published on: June 15, 2018

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library
08:40

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

Published on: April 6, 2012

  • Analysis of differential miRNA expression in normal tissues versus tumors.
  • Development of antisense molecules to inhibit miRNA activity for therapeutic strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Discovery of numerous differentially expressed miRNAs in cancer tissues compared to normal tissues.
    • Identification of miRNA signatures associated with cancer development, diagnosis, and prognosis.
    • Certain miRNA profiles correlate with aggressive cancers and advanced disease stages.
    • Antisense molecules targeting miRNA activity are being tested for anticancer gene therapy efficacy.

    Conclusions:

    • miRNA signatures are valuable for detecting, classifying, and predicting the severity of cancer.
    • miRNAs represent promising targets for novel anticancer gene therapies.
    • Future research requires advanced genomic, proteomic, and bioinformatics approaches to translate miRNA discoveries into clinical applications.