Hydroxychloroquine-induced DRESS syndrome

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology
• Dermatology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Hydroxychloroquine is a widely used medication for autoimmune conditions.
• Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe adverse drug reaction.
• Seronegative arthritis encompasses various inflammatory joint diseases without rheumatoid factor.

Observation:

• A male patient with seronegative arthritis developed a severe adverse reaction during hydroxychloroquine therapy.
• The patient presented with characteristic symptoms of drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome.
• This represents a novel association between hydroxychloroquine and DRESS syndrome in this patient population.

Findings:

• The clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria confirmed DRESS syndrome.
• Causality was attributed to hydroxychloroquine, marking the first reported instance in this context.
• The patient's condition necessitated prompt மருத்துவ intervention and drug cessation.

Implications:

• Highlights the potential for hydroxychloroquine to induce DRESS syndrome, even in patients with seronegative arthritis.
• Emphasizes the importance of vigilant monitoring for severe cutaneous adverse reactions during hydroxychloroquine treatment.
• Informs clinical practice regarding differential diagnosis and management of hydroxychloroquine-associated adverse events.