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Report of 4 cases of Pasteurella multocida septic arthritis
X Chevalier1, J Martigny, B Avouac
1Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
Abstract:
Pasteurella multocida is frequently responsible for infections in man due to wounds inflicted by animals (generally cats or dogs). However, the development of septic arthritis is a rare complication. We report 4 cases of Pasteurella multocida septic arthritis with demonstration of the organism in the joint in each case. Two cases presented with monoarthritis (sternoclavicular joint and wrist) and 2 cases had polyarticular involvement from the outset.
Insights
Pasteurella multocida, a common cause of animal bite infections, can rarely lead to septic arthritis. This report details four cases of this rare joint infection, highlighting its varied presentation.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Rheumatology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the oral flora of domestic animals like cats and dogs.
- Animal bites, particularly from cats and dogs, are the primary route of Pasteurella multocida transmission to humans.
- While typically causing localized infections, Pasteurella multocida can lead to systemic complications.
Observation:
- This study reports on four cases of septic arthritis caused by Pasteurella multocida.
- The bacterium was confirmed in the synovial fluid or joint tissue of all affected patients.
- Clinical presentations varied, with two cases exhibiting monoarthritis (sternoclavicular and wrist joints) and two cases presenting with polyarticular involvement.
Findings:
- Septic arthritis due to Pasteurella multocida is an uncommon but significant complication of animal-associated infections.
- The organism's presence in the joint is a definitive diagnostic finding.
- Pasteurella multocida septic arthritis can manifest as either a single joint or multiple joint inflammation.
Implications:
- Early recognition and appropriate antibiotic treatment are crucial for managing Pasteurella multocida septic arthritis.
- Clinicians should consider Pasteurella multocida in the differential diagnosis of septic arthritis, especially in patients with a history of animal bites.
- Further research may elucidate specific risk factors and optimal therapeutic strategies for this rare condition.