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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation
09:01

Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation

Published on: October 15, 2021

[Intracerebral haemorrhage].

Grethe Andersen1, Per Meden, Karsten Overgaard

  • 1Arhus Universitetshospital, Arhus Sygehus, Neurologisk Afdeling, Arhus C. gande@as.aaa.dk

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|October 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Primary intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a dangerous condition. While neurocritical care improves outcomes, preventing hematoma expansion with hemostatic treatment requires further study in clinical trials.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Primary intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) presents a high risk of mortality and long-term disability.
  • Current management focuses on neurointensive care and stroke unit rehabilitation.
  • Surgical hematoma evacuation shows limited general efficacy but may benefit select patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of medical hemostatic treatment in preventing hematoma growth.
  • To determine if preventing hematoma expansion improves patient outcomes in ICH.
  • To identify the need for randomized controlled trials in this area.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current treatment strategies for intracerebral haemorrhage.
  • Analysis of the efficacy of hematoma evacuation.

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Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
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Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Published on: June 18, 2021

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation
09:01

Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation

Published on: October 15, 2021

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
09:14

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Published on: June 18, 2021

  • Identification of research gaps regarding medical hemostatic interventions.

    • Main Results:

    • Neurocritical care and rehabilitation are the primary treatments improving survival and function.
    • Early hematoma evacuation is not generally effective but can be considered for specific cases.
    • The efficacy of medical hemostatic treatment in reducing hematoma growth and improving outcomes remains unproven.

    Conclusions:

    • Further research, specifically randomized controlled trials, is necessary to investigate medical hemostatic treatments for ICH.
    • Optimizing patient outcomes in ICH requires continued exploration of novel therapeutic approaches.
    • Evidence does not yet support routine medical hemostatic treatment for preventing hematoma expansion.