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Related Concept Videos

Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
Forces Acting on Chromosomes02:11

Forces Acting on Chromosomes

During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
Forces Acting on Chromosomes02:11

Forces Acting on Chromosomes

During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
17:14

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Published on: December 10, 2012

Chromosome orientation.

Duane A Compton1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. Duane.c.compton@dartmouth.edu

The Journal of Cell Biology
|October 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proper chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules ensures accurate cell division. The newly identified Bod1 (Biorientation Defective 1) protein helps chromosomes detach from incorrect attachments, promoting correct cell division.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Accurate chromosome segregation is crucial for cell division.
  • Microtubule-chromosome attachments are vital for proper segregation.
  • The molecular mechanisms regulating these attachments are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular machinery that establishes and maintains correct microtubule attachments to chromosomes.
  • To identify proteins involved in correcting improperly oriented microtubule attachments.

Main Methods:

  • The study focused on the identification and characterization of the Bod1 protein.
  • Functional assays were likely employed to assess Bod1's role in chromosome biorientation.

Main Results:

  • The protein Bod1 (Biorientation Defective 1) was identified.
  • Bod1 promotes chromosome biorientation.
  • Bod1 functions by releasing chromosomes from improperly oriented microtubule attachments.

Conclusions:

  • Bod1 is a key regulator of chromosome-microtubule attachments.
  • This protein plays a critical role in ensuring accurate chromosome segregation during cell division.